Honors World Literature (Period 5) Assignments
- Instructors
- Term
- SPHS 2018-2019
- Department
- English
- Description
-
Hello. Please note the following information:You access #s for Turnitin for this course are as follows:Class ID: 18336960Key ID: 1234And, for fun, I have attached a version of a class syllabus which should be mostly reliable (although meant to provide an overview and a sense of the course-not necessarily an actual blueprint).Feel free to email me with any questions or concerns.
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When to Use a Comma
As a general rule, you should use a comma to introduce quoted material or dialogue. That’s because in most types of dialogue, the quoted material stands apart from the surrounding text. In grammatical terms, it’s “syntactically independent.”
Here are two examples from the first book in the “Game of Thrones” series.
Tyrion Lannister undid his scarf, mopped at his brow, and said in a flat voice, “How interesting.”
You can also use commas when a quotation is interrupted by a phrase like “he said” or “she said.” In fact, you use two commas. For example
“What the king dreams,” [Ned] said, “the Hand builds.”
“Bran,” [Jon] said, “I’m sorry I didn’t come before.”
When to Skip the Comma
In certain cases, you can skip the comma when introducing a quotation.
First, skip the comma if the quotation is introduced by a conjunction like “that,” “whether,” or “if.” Following that guidance, I might write sentences like this:
Eddard Stark is constantly reminding people that “winter is coming.”
Lord Varys wonders whether “we’ve grown so used to horror we assume there’s no other way.”
Tyrion Lannister said that “a mind needs books like a sword needs a whetstone.”
Second, ask yourself whether the quotation blends into the rest of the sentence—or, speaking grammatically, if it’s a syntactical part of the surrounding sentence. If the quotation blends in, the comma comes out.
Here are two examples:
It was the third time he had called her “boy.” “I’m a girl,” Arya objected.
Fat Tom used to call her “Arya Underfoot” because he said that was where she always was.
That’s all we have to say about commas.
When to Use a Colon
But you can also use a colon to introduce a quotation. You’d do that when the quotation is being introduced by a grammatically complete sentence—also known as an independent clause. Here are a couple of examples:
Daenerys often speaks one frightening word: “Dracarys.”
Tyrion had sage advice for the singer: “Close your eyes and pretend you’re dead.”
When to Use a Period
Finally, you can use a period to introduce a quotation. You do this when introducing a block quotation—that is, a long quotation that’s indented from the rest of the text. Here’s an example:
Sandor Clegane chastised Sansa thusly.
Some septa trained you well. You’re like one of those birds from the Summer Isles, aren’t you? A pretty little talking bird, repeating all the pretty little words they taught you to recite.
One thing to note is that a block quotation, unlike a regular quotation, is not surrounded by quotation marks. The text being indented already marks it as a direct quotation.
When to Freak Out and Run Screaming Down the Street
Just to confirm Benjamin’s feeling that these rules are a bit “dicey,” let’s mention that sometimes they can overlap and overrule one another. For example, a block quote might “blend in” to its introduction; in that case, the introduction wouldn’t need a colon. Rather, it would take no punctuation. For example
Bran’s Old Nan described the white walkers as
cold things, dead things, that hated iron and fire and the touch of the sun, and every creature with hot blood in its veins. They swept over holdfasts and cities and kingdoms, felled heroes and armies by the score, riding their pale dead horses and leading hosts of the slain. All the swords of men could not stay their advance, and even maidens and suckling babes found no pity in them.
In short, when deciding what punctuation to use when introducing a quotation, follow the rules we just described—and then use your best judgement.
So, that’s your tip for today. Quotations are usually introduced with a comma, but in some cases, they may be introduced by a colon, a period, or nothing at all.
Scenario | Example | Rule |
---|---|---|
The quote is syntactically independent from the surrounding text. | Ned said, "Bring the direwolf here." | Use a comma |
The quote blends in to the surrounding text. | Ned said that I should "bring the direwolf here." | No punctuation |
The quote is introduced by a complete sentence. | Ned had one command: "Bring the direwolf here." | Use a colon |
The quote is a block quote, introduced by a full sentence. |
Ned offered a string of commands. Bring the direwolf here. Care for it yourself. Never bother the stablemaster with it. |
Use a period |
Commas and Periods
In American usage, commas and periods at the end of quotes always go inside the quotation marks. In British usage, they can go either inside or outside (in the same way as questions marks and exclamation points in American style, see below).
American style guides such as Associated Press (AP), Modern Language Association (MLA) and The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago) all follow the American rule when it comes to commas and periods. And you should note that commas and periods go before closing quotation marks, regardless of them being single or double quotes. For example:
- He said, "I'll be going to the party later."
- "When you have finished your time out," her dad said, "you must go to mom and say 'I'm sorry.' "
Some more examples of commas used inside quotation marks are:
- "Don't be late for class," the teacher said.
- "I am never talking to him again," my sister said angrily.
- "It snowed last night," said Sam.
Some more examples of periods used inside of quotation marks are:
- Anne called the boys "mean and nasty."
- In his most charming manner he said, "I never give up."
- She told him to neatly write the word "Holiday."
- Alan's assignment is to read Wordsworth's "Daffodils."
Question Marks and Exclamation Marks
In American English the general rule for question marks and exclamation marks (or points) is: If the quoted material ends with a question mark or an exclamation mark, the punctuation should be inside the quotation marks. However, if the question mark or exclamation mark is not directly part of the quote, then the punctuation should go outside the quotation marks.
As you can see here, if the quote itself is an exclamation or question the punctuation mark is contained within the quotation marks:
- Anthony asked, "Can we have pizza again for dinner?"
- Mom shouted, "I said don't throw the ball in the house!"
- I cried out to the child, "Watch for the ice!"
If the quoted words are embedded within a sentence that is an exclamation or question, then the punctuation goes outside the quotation marks, like this:
- Who said the line "I'm the king of the world"?
- How did the coach know it was me who said "I don't want to be on this team"?
- You have to read the article "UFOs Are Real"!
Punctuation That Goes Outside Quotation Marks
There are certain punctuation marks that always go outside quotation marks. Here, both American and British English follow the same rule. Punctuation marks that go outside are:
- Colons
- Semicolons
- Dashes
The following are examples of punctuation marks that stay outside quotes:
- The speaker listed three "secrets of success": confidence, perseverance, and passion.
- His favorite team is the "Rams"; he has never missed any of their games.
- She laughed and said, "I don't think he will pass his driving test" - then he pulled up in front of the house.
Basic Style Guide Rules
The following are rules for punctuating inside closing quotation marks according to the standard American style guides:
- MLA: Commas and periods directly following quotations always go inside closing quotation marks. Question marks can vary depending if the question is part of the quote, then the punctuation mark goes inside the quotation marks. If the question is not part of the direct quote, it goes outside.
- AP: All punctuation goes inside the closing quotation marks. This includes commas, periods, question marks and exclamation points.
- Chicago: Periods and commas always go inside quotation marks. Question marks and exclamation points that are part of the original quote are included inside quotation marks.
Proper Use of Punctuation
Knowing whether punctuation goes inside or outside of closing quotation marks is an important rule to learn and follow. With some practice you will soon be punctuating your quotations with ease. Using punctuation properly can make your writing more credible and convey what you intend to portray to the reader more easily.
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Note: You will have significant class time on 1/8 and 1/10 to work in your groups.
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1) YOUR PROPOSED SCREENPLAY MAY BE SET ANYWHERE AND AT ANY TIME, SO LONG AS YOU ARE FAITHFUL TO THE THEMES AND CONFLICTS OF THE STORY;
2) YOU MAY INCLUDE IN YOUR SCREENPLAY SYNOPSIS ASPECTS OF BOTH OEDIPUS REX AND OEDIPUS AT COLONUS; and
3) THE LANGUAGE THAT YOU EMPLOY IN YOUR SCRIPTED SCENE* MAY BE EITHER CONTEMPORARY OR APPROPRIATE TO THE SETTING.
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1) YOUR PROPOSED SCREENPLAY MAY BE SET ANYWHERE AND AT ANY TIME, SO LONG AS YOU ARE FAITHFUL TO THE THEMES AND CONFLICTS OF THE STORY.
2) YOU MAY INCLUDE IN YOUR SCREENPLAY OUTLINE ASPECTS OF BOTH OEDIPUS REX AND OEDIPUS AT COLONUS.
3) THE LANGUAGE THAT YOU EMPLOY IN YOUR SCENE MAY BE APPROPRIATE TO THE SETTING OR CONTEMPORARY.
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*It would behoove you (be suitable or proper) to do a bit of research on the British Empire and its Colonial Rule vis a vis (with regard to) Burma.
Note: There is no limit on the length of your response; however, it must comprise at least three "healthy" paragraphs.
RE YOUR WRITING:
Make certain to employ the following elements of good writing:
-Syntax (word order; sentence structure)
-Vocabulary (appropriate synonyms-varied language (including transitions))
-Diction (word choice-the synonym that most precisely communicates your intention)
-Language Conventions/Grammar (punctuation, spelling, capitalization)
-Internal Logic (orderly construction of your essay; consistency throughout with respect to your argument/position)
-Supporting Evidence from the text (and, where appropriate, a "concession"-acknowledgment of the contrary position)
***AND, BEFORE SUBMITTING ANY WRITTEN WORK, ENGAGE IN SERIOUS EDITING AND PROOFREADING
https://hilo.hawaii.edu/~tbelt/Pols360-S08-Reading-ShootingAnElephant.pdf
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Read and Annotate from "Enter Second Messenger" (page 44 of Dover edition) to completion of the play (page 54 of Dover edition).
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Read and Annotate from "Exit of Oedipus and Jacosta" (page 31 of Dover edition) to "Enter Second Messenger" (page 44 of Dover edition).